What changes are already taking place
American sociologist Randall Collins is convinced that now is the time for another wave of technological substitution. In his opinion, in the near future, smart robots will actively replace specialists in various fields.
Artificial intelligence, combined with robotization and advanced online technologies, today effectively cope with many tasks that previously could only be performed by humans.
For example, AI is actively being introduced into the field of medicine, where smart programs help to correctly diagnose, select therapies or develop drugs. And in general, they are able to implement or greatly simplify the implementation of many processes.
AI is also used where humanitarian skills are required: journalism, online education, recruiting, and real-time translation.
There are more and more programs that are used with varying degrees of success in the field of stock trading and investments. And in this direction, both special algorithms are used that help investors analyze large amounts of information, and those that independently conduct transactions.
Now, in many automotive industries, people have already been replaced by robots running complex software. An automatic system manages the delivery of parts to the conveyor, the assembly process of models and other operations. A person only monitors the operation of machines, fixing errors, if any. As a result, the number of jobs in the automotive industry is rapidly declining.
Another similar replacement can be seen in the field of working with data sets related to business activities. Previously, only professional analysts were involved in such tasks. Now a considerable part of the work is performed by special programs and systems of the BI (Business Intelligence) class. Moreover, they handle complex tasks even better than humans:
- process large amounts of information from different sources;
- analyze and structure the received data;
- on the basis of the analytics carried out, the causes of various reactions and phenomena are determined;
- offer optimal solutions to improve business processes.
Given that AI technologies are becoming more complex and constantly evolving, they will eventually be able to replace the majority of analysts in various fields.
For example, in the education segment, the use of BI solutions makes it possible to obtain automatic processing of data about people who study in a particular region. After conducting analytics, the program can produce any statistics and forecasts, taking into account the initially set parameters.
The result of the introduction of such technologies will first of all be the disappearance of those professions that are based on repetitive algorithms and scripts.
This could be:
- seller;
- interpreter;
- recruiter;
- news journalist;
- train driver (in different cities around the world, the metro already runs without drivers);
- taxi driver;
- courier and warehouse logistics workers;
- a bank employee who accepts loan applications or provides basic information;
- call center operators;
- and other specialties.
Many specialists now need to think about retraining. And those who are currently at the stage of choosing a future profession should take into account the possible competition with artificial intelligence.
Examples of implementation in large corporations
Many large companies are already actively adopting and using AI. Among them are the following:
- Microsoft. As part of the annual staff optimization, AI took over part of the functions of the MSN news service employees. This was reported by Reuters, citing Business Insider.
- Bloomberg News. Cyborg software robot successfully creates about 30% of the content for this publication. Online algorithms are replacing PR people and news journalists in many other major news outlets.
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AI is now actively replacing those specialists who performed tasks that require analytics. That is, the substitution has gone far beyond performing routine work in production. This trend will only grow stronger every year. Therefore, if someone believes that since he is working with his head, then competition with robots does not threaten him - it is worth thinking again.
How quickly will the replacement take place
In fact, the rate of adoption of AI technologies is uneven. In different countries and even in certain regions of states, implementation can be carried out faster or proceed without obvious activity. In some places, the usual vacancies will be reduced rapidly, in other places, on the contrary, people will not feel total automation.
It all depends on the level of concentration in the region of high-tech industries and branches of large companies. Therefore, in order to correctly assess your chances of hearing the phrase "you are fired", it is important to take into account the technological development of the region.
In general, artificial intelligence will not be able to completely replace highly skilled people in the next 15-20 years. For such specialists, AI will remain only an auxiliary, extended tool for a long time to come.
However, he will be able to replace workers performing tasks of moderate or low complexity. Even so, human control will be needed. Autonomous AI that does not need help and verification is still a prospect, but not a reality.
What professions appeared thanks to AI
Automation is inevitably changing the labor market. And because of artificial intelligence, professions are not only disappearing. Some specialties, on the contrary, are now in great demand thanks to the use of AI:
- Data Scientist. These are specialists who create systems that can process large amounts of data, analyze them and draw conclusions. Data Scientists teach the computer to self-learn, which is the basis for the full-fledged work of AI. And now there is a strong shortage of machine learning specialists.
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In order not to end up in a dying industry, you need to be ready to acquire additional skills.
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology and IBM conducted a study that analyzed 170 million job openings between 2010 and 2018. It turned out that due to the use of AI and automation algorithms, enterprises began to hire fewer employees, since artificial intelligence was able to take on a significant part of routine work tasks.
But at the same time, the demand for specialists who understands interpersonal communication has increased. That is, they know how to interact with a particular audience. They are needed to teach AI flexibility and versatility in communicating with people.
How the introduction of AI will affect the economy
Artificial intelligence will enable enterprises to reduce the cost of performing production and routine tasks. These processes will proceed faster, without loss of efficiency or with increased levels of productivity.
According to economists, for a short time there will be a problem with the replacement of specialists and a shortage of vacancies. This effect is called skills and technologies mismatch - the mismatch between technology and skills in the workforce.
But many analysts are confident that it will not be long before new professions will appear in which humans will be significantly more effective than AI.
Will be in demand:
- emotional and cognitive work;
- flexible strategic management;
- training people;
- management of human relations within a separate company, etc.
As a result, people will get new jobs, but in a different specialty. And companies with the help of competent automation will be able to:
- save time, labor and money resources;
- gain an increase in income against the background of an improved manufacturing or service delivery process.
According to experts from the National Bureau of Economic Research in Cambridge, there will be separate industries where automation will not be introduced in the near future. These companies will account for the bulk of jobs during the qualification transition.
What will change after the total introduction of AI
The main change in the world familiar to ordinary people will be reduced to the automation of processes at the household level. The result of the introduction of advanced AI will be total robotization: simpler, faster, more accurate and cheaper.
For example, the programs will control taxis and drones delivering food, mobile fast food vending machines, etc. Drivers will no longer be needed and couriers will not be needed either. This means that the costs of staff salaries will be significantly reduced and services / products will become significantly cheaper. It is also much easier and cheaper to use a taxi than to buy your own car.
Similar solutions will find their place in everyday life. This is a smart home. Such technologies are already being actively used, but in the coming years they will reach a new level. The system will optimize water and electricity consumption, clean rooms using compact robots, and make sure that no strangers enter the house.
Changes will also take place in the public sector. AI will enable:
- manage tracking systems;
- predict and prevent dangerous situations.
For example, a criminal can be "caught" by a smart camera, recognizing his face, as soon as he goes out into the street. The same goes for document checks. Advanced algorithms will process and organize the issuance of documents, licenses, patents. Protracted checks upon receipt of the necessary papers will become a thing of the past.
Fire safety services will implement similar algorithms. AI will be able to constantly monitor houses for fire and make a decision to activate the fire extinguishing system. Of course, such systems have been around for a long time, but thanks to AI they will be able to predict a fire even before it starts. And also to warn about this people who are in the room.
In general, now we can confidently assert that automation is inevitable in almost all areas of human activity. In the current realities, one should no longer hope that one can master one profession and work in it all his life. It should become the norm for a modern person to change his specialty every few years. Well, those people who lose their jobs due to artificial intelligence can always take effective retraining courses. And with a high degree of probability, such courses will also be conducted by robots.
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