All new Android 12. Review for developers

Hello. My name is  Kirill Rozov  and if you are interested in Android development, you probably heard about the  Telegram channel "Android Broadcast" , with daily news for Android developers, and the  YouTube channel of the same name . This post is a text transcript of a new video on the channel






The Google I / O conference took place and we learned absolutely everything about the new version of Android, and you can also try all this in Beta 1, which can be installed on the Pixel over the air, as well as a number of other manufacturers allow you to install the GSI image.





. , - . App Widgets , Android.





Material You

Google Material Design, . , Pixel . Material You Beta Android 12





: " Material You ?" Android, . Material , . . Google





Splash Screen ms

<item name="android:windowSplashScreenBackground">@color/...</item>
<item name="android:windowSplashScreenAnimatableIcon">@drawable/...</item>
<item name=”android:windowSplashScreenIconBackground”>@color/...</item>
<item name=”android:windowSplashScreenBrandingImage”>@drawable/...</item>
      
      



UI

Ripple

UI , Ripple . " " . Ripple





Overscroll

Android 12 (Android View) . iOS overscroll .





RenderEffect API

API, , . iOS API





//     View
view.setRenderEffect(RenderEffect.createBlurEffect(radiusX, radiusY, SHADER_TILE_MODE))
      
      



//   Window  
Window.setBackgroundBlurRadius(radius: Int)
      
      



//     
<style name="AppTheme">
    <item name="android:windowBackgroundBlurRadius">15dp</item>
</style>
      
      



Android 12 API . , iOS 14 Google API Android. :





  • Android 12+





  • , Material You









  • CheckBox, Switch RadioButton. Todo ,





<appwidget-provider
  ...
  android:targetCellWidth="3"
  android:targetCellHeight="2"
  android:maxResizeWidth="250dp"
  android:maxResizeHeight="110dp">
</appwidget-provider>
      
      



  • , UI XML





<appwidget-provider
  ...
  android:previewLayout="@layout/my_widget_preview"
  android:description="@string/my_widget_des
      
      



  • . Activity





  • API





  • Android 12





DSL Compose, Android. DSL, View, Compose .





Rounded Corner API

Rounded Corner API , .





, Google, , .





// Get the top-right rounded corner from WindowInsets.
final WindowInsets insets = getRootWindowInsets();
final RoundedCorner topRight = insets.getRoundedCorner(POSITION_TOP_RIGHT);
if (topRight == null) {
   return;
}

// Get the location of the close button in window coordinates.
int [] location = new int[2];
closeButton.getLocationInWindow(location);
final int buttonRightInWindow = location[0] + closeButton.getWidth();
final int buttonTopInWindow = location[1];

// Find the point on the quarter circle with a 45 degree angle.
final int offset = (int) (topRight.getRadius() * Math.sin(Math.toRadians(45)));
final int topBoundary = topRight.getCenter().y - offset;
final int rightBoundary = topRight.getCenter().x + offset;

// Check whether the close button exceeds the boundary.
if (buttonRightInWindow < rightBoundary && buttonTopInWindow > topBoundary) {
   return;
}

// Set the margin to avoid truncating.
int [] parentLocation = new int[2];
getLocationInWindow(parentLocation);
FrameLayout.LayoutParams lp = (FrameLayout.LayoutParams) closeButton.getLayoutParams();
lp.rightMargin = Math.max(buttonRightInWindow - rightBoundary, 0);
lp.topMargin = Math.max(topBoundary - buttonTopInWindow, 0);
closeButton.setLayoutParams(lp);
      
      



Rich Content Insertion

- . Google API drag-&-drop, - Rich Content Insertion. compat API OnReceiveContentListener Jetpack Core 1.5.0, Stable.





Android . :





  • MessagingStyle BigPictureStyle





  • Intent





  • - CallStyle, , .





  • , Custom View, .





""

Activity, . , BroadcastReceiver, Activity. UX . Activity - . ,





Indirect notification activity start (trampoline) from PACKAGE_NAME, \
this should be avoided for performance reasons.
      
      



AVIF

AV1, AVIF. JPG. ?





Compatible Media Transcoding

Android 12 , . Android HEVC (H.265) to AVC (H.264), HDR10 SDR. XML , AndroidManifest.





<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<media-capabilities xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <format android:name="HEVC" supported="true"/>
    <format android:name="HDR10" supported="false"/>
    <format android:name="HDR10Plus" supported="false"/>
</media-capabilities>
      
      



<property
    android:name="android.media.PROPERTY_MEDIA_CAPABILITIES"
    android:resource="@xml/media_capabilities" />
      
      



.





- 1080p 30 9 Pixel 4. , Pixel 4 Snapdragon 845 6 . (





Performance Class

Android 12, Performance Class. , Android. , .





if (Build.VERSION.MEDIA_PERFORMANCE_CLASS >= Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
   // Provide the most premium experience for highest performing devices
   ...
}
else if (Build.VERSION.MEDIA_PERFORMANCE_CLASS == Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
   // Provide a  high quality experience
   ...
}
else {
   // Remove extras to keep experience functional
   ...
}
      
      



Class 12 Android 12 , , , / . , Android 13 class 12, .





  • .





  • .. 108 .





  • ,





  • Camera2 API CameraX Extentions





Android 11 . 80% . Google . Android , , , .





targetSdk=S, , .





val locationPermissionRequest = registerForActivityResult(
        ActivityResultContracts.RequestMultiplePermissions()
    ) { permissions ->
        when {
            permissions.getOrDefault(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, false) -> {
                //  
            }
            permissions.getOrDefault(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION, false) -> {
                //  
            } else -> {
                //    
            }
        }
    }

// ...

locationPermissionRequest.launch(
    arrayOf(
       Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
       Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
    )
)
      
      



, , .





Nearby Bluetooth

Android Bluetooth, , . - Android 12 : BLUETOOTH_SCAN BLUETOOTH_CONNECT. BLUETOOTH_SCAN Bluetooth , BLUETOOTH_CONNECT - .





, .





Exact alarm permission

- Android . , , . alarm-, SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM, exact alram- AlarmManager SecurityException.



permission runtime, .



alarm- . , , , . Google Play .





//    excat alarm   <package_id> 
if (!alarmManager.canScheduleExactAlarms()) {
    startActivityForResult(
        Intent(Settings.ACTION_REQUEST_SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM, "package:<package_id>")
    )
}
      
      



Clipboard

, . , . copy-paste ? .





Foreground Service

Android 12, Android - Foreground Service , . Service ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException



.





:





  • High Priority Push





  • broadcast- ACTION_BOOT_COMPLETED



    , ACTION_LOCKED_BOOT_COMPLETED



    , ACTION_MY_PACKAGE_REPLACED















  • Exact alarm









API Expedited Jobs, WorkManager 2.7.0. Android 12 API JobScheduler, Android Foreground Service.





OneTimeWorkRequestBuilder<T>().apply {
    setInputData(inputData)
    setExpedited(OutOfQuotaPolicy.RUN_AS_NON_EXPEDITED_WORK_REQUEST)
}.build()
      
      



Expedited job , . Expedited Job Foreground Service job JobScheduler:





  • - . job , expedited job.





  • Expedited job , Battery Saver Doze Mode.





  • expedited job , job , , . job.





Foreground Service

, ? ? Foreground Service, . Android 12 , Foreground Service, 5 . UX . , , , . c API Notification.Builder.setForegroundServiceBehavior().





Notification.Builder(context)
         .setForegroundServiceBehavior(Notification.BEHAVIOR_IMMEDIATE_DISPLAY)
         .build();
      
      



Android iOS , iOS. , status bar , - . , .





Privay Dashboard

Android 12 , . Beta.





Android 11 - . ( ), :









  • job alert





  • push , high-priority FCM





, job, alarm , .





" " , , -.





, , 200 . HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS, .





exported Manifest

AndroidManifest android:exported=true|false



, . false, intent-filter , true. , Slack.





targetSdk=S - exported, , Logcat .





Installation did not succeed.
The application could not be installed: INSTALL_FAILED_VERIFICATION_FAILURE
List of apks:
[0] '...app-debug.apk'
Installation failed due to: 'null'
      
      



Android Studio 2020.3.1 Arctic Fox Android Lint . , . Manifest Merger exported .





Android 12, , :





  • ART





  • Build , ().





  • App Standby bucket - Restrictive.





  • Bouncy Castle





  • Backup ( ) , .





  • PendingIntent





  • PiP





  • Web intent . Android App Links, domain





  • SameSite WebView





  • Private Compute Core - . , Smart Reply. . -.





  • . Google Play






The release of Android 12 is scheduled for this fall, but even before that time we are burning several Beta versions, which will delight the novelties shown on Google I / O. Remember that with the release of Android 12, you will need to adapt your applications to Android 11. In the comments, I am waiting for your impressions of Android 12: what you liked, what did not, and what else did you expect from the green robot update.








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