γ γ γ« γ‘ γ―, or good afternoon in Japanese.
No matter how popular the English language is, users are still more comfortable and familiar in their native language environment.
Therefore, below we will take a step-by-step look at the process of adapting a console application for Linux on Kotlin / Native to Russian and English locales.
The good old GNU gettext will help us with this .
As a result, we will make sure that this is not scary at all.
At the same time, let's see the integration with C libraries, which significantly expands the capabilities of Kotlin / Native.
What we write: a translator of cardinal numbers into Japanese.
What is expected from the reader: knowledge of the programming languages ββKotlin, C, a basic level of familiarity with the Linux OS (in particular Bash).
What you need in the process: any Linux distribution, any version of IntelliJ IDEA, gettext-devel installed or similar.
Motivation
Actually why Kotlin / Native and what does Japanese have to do with it?
For about half a year, I slowly and sadly learn Japanese from the textbook βMinna no Nihongoβ: partly for the translation of the lyrics, partly just out of interest in culture.
Later I decided to switch from system development to application development, from desktop to mobile platforms, respectively, from C ++ / Qt / STL to Kotlin / JVM / Android SDK.
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Qt/QML/C++: - .
Kotlin Kotlin/Native.
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Kotlin LLVM, JVM .
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(Apache-2.0 license)
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interop C
: low-level , POSIX
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Kotlin/Native , Github.
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(l18n): , .
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GNU gettext
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runtime
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Kotlin/Native .
Qt , Qt, C++ .
GNU gettext:
: Linux, .
: stdin, .
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Github IntelliJ IDEA.
: ~18 Ryzen 3900X + 32GB DDR4-3600 + NVM-E SSD. .
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:
$ file build/bin/native/debugExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
build/bin/native/debugExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.16, BuildID[xxHash]=a0971dbf76e9db60, with debug_info, not stripped
$ ldd build/bin/native/debugExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff890d7000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f348e47a000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f348e334000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f348e312000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f348e2f7000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f348e12c000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f348e4a0000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007f348e112000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00007f348e10b000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007f348e0d1000)
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007f348e0c6000)
$ file build/bin/native/releaseExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
build/bin/native/releaseExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, for GNU/Linux 2.6.16, BuildID[xxHash]=c76aff5e0db3fdae, not stripped
$ ldd build/bin/native/releaseExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffff69c2000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f41ad9dd000)
libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f41ad897000)
libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f41ad875000)
libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f41ad85a000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f41ad68f000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f41ada03000)
libresolv.so.2 => /lib64/libresolv.so.2 (0x00007f41ad675000)
libutil.so.1 => /lib64/libutil.so.1 (0x00007f41ad66e000)
libcrypt.so.1 => /lib64/libcrypt.so.1 (0x00007f41ad634000)
librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007f41ad629000)
$ ls -lh build/bin/native/debugExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 eraxillan eraxillan 1.8M Mar 7 13:24 build/bin/native/debugExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
$ ls -lh build/bin/native/releaseExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 eraxillan eraxillan 529K Mar 7 13:24 build/bin/native/releaseExecutable/JapaneseNumeralTranslator.kexe
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import kotlinx.cinterop.*
import platform.linux.*
import platform.posix.*
fun tr(key: String): String = gettext(key)?.toKString() ?: ""
POSIX-, Locale.kt.
: , .
, locale -a.
Bash- gettext:
, .
pot- (""), .
# Extract all tr() wrapped strings to po/jnt.pot file
xgettext --keyword=tr --language=java \
--add-comments --sort-output \
--copyright-holder='Alexander Kamyshnikov <axill777@gmail.com>' \
--package-name='Japanese numeral translator' \
--package-version='1.0' \
--msgid-bugs-address='axill777@gmail.com' \
-o po/jnt.pot --files-from=KT_FILES
po- ( ):
# Generate locale sources
# NOTE: --no-translator option is a workaround to supress email input request
msginit --no-translator --input=po/jnt.pot --locale=en_US.UTF-8 --output po/en_US/jnt.po
msginit --no-translator --input=po/jnt.pot --locale=ru_RU.UTF-8 --output po/ru_RU/jnt.po
mo- ( ):
# Generate locale binary files
msgfmt --output-file=po/en_US/jnt.mo po/en_US/jnt.po
msgfmt --output-file=po/ru_RU/jnt.mo po/ru_RU/jnt.po
, Kotlin/Native , "" mo- .
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mo- , gettext .
RPM/DEB-, mo- /usr/share/locale
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During development, you just need to periodically call update_localization.sh , translate new lines, and call this script again to generate mo files.
γ γ γ γ¨ γ γ γ γ γΎ γ, or thanks for your attention!
Sources of
Definitions taken from Django documentation
Why internationalization and localization matter
Kotlin Native: watch your files
DxGetText - GNU Gettext for Delphi and C ++ Builder
PS : I plan to use Kotlin / Native further within the framework of cross-platform libraries. If there is interest, I can modify the demo, for example, port it to Windows.