This article is the first part of the synopsis of the book "Hidden Reality: Parallel Worlds and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos". The article is devoted to the inflationary model of the Universe.
In the middle of the XX century. for the first time it was realized that in the microwave part of the spectrum there is a homogeneous glow throughout space. Where does it start? At the beginning . Physicists have discovered that this glow is a surviving echo of the birth of the universe. The history of this achievement is another success of the Big Bang theory, but at the same time it reveals one of the fundamental shortcomings of the theory and creates a platform for the next key breakthrough in cosmology - inflationary cosmology.
Inflationary cosmology modifies the Big Bang theory, supplementing it with an intense burst of incredibly rapid expansion during the first moments of the universe's life. This modification plays an essential role in explaining some of the properties of the CMB. Over the past several decades, scientists have gradually realized that the most convincing versions of the theory lead to a huge number of parallel universes.
Traces of a hot start
Georgy Gamov, a Soviet physicist who immigrated to the United States, conducted research that clarified and revitalized the picture of the first moments of the life of the universe. With small modern additions, the picture looked like this.
Immediately after birth, the universe was incredibly hot and dense. The space rapidly expanded and cooled, which led to the formation of particles from the primary plasma. During the first three minutes, the temperature dropped rapidly, but remained high enough to make the universe look like a cosmic nuclear furnace, where the simplest atomic nuclei were formed: hydrogen, helium, and small amounts of lithium. After a few more minutes, the temperature dropped to 10 8K, which is about 10,000 times the temperature of the sun's surface. Although such a temperature is extremely high according to the usual standards, it is no longer sufficient to further support nuclear processes, and from that moment on, the intensity of particle motion drops dramatically. For the next billions of years, almost nothing happened, space just continued to expand, and the particle plasma continued to cool.
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