The tcpdump utility is an excellent command-line tool that is capable of intercepting and analyzing network traffic. Can be of great help in solving network problems. Packages can be saved to a file and analyzed later. It is recommended that you run this utility from time to time to monitor your network.
Content:
- Tcpdump output
- Installing tcpdump
- Tcpdump options
- Tcpdump filters:
- Expression filter
- Port filter
- Host filter
- Combining filters
- Saving headers to a file
- View package details
- Conclusion
Tcpdump output
The tcpdump utility allows you to check TCP / IP packet headers and print one line for each packet. She will do this until you press Ctrl + C.
Let's take a look at one line from the sample output:
20:58:26.765637 IP 10.0.0.50.80 > 10.0.0.1.53181: Flags [F.], seq 1, ack 2, win 453, options [nop,nop,TS val 3822939 ecr 249100129], length 0
Each line includes:
- Unix timestamp ( 20: 58: 26.765637 )
- protocol ( IP )
- source host name or IP address and port number ( 10.0.0.50.80 )
- destination hostname or IP address and port number ( 10.0.0.1.53181 )
- TCP Flags ( Flags [F.] ). Indicate the state of a connection and may contain more than one value:
- o S — SYN.
- F — FIN.
- — ACK.
- P — PUSH.
- R — RST.
- . (seq 1)
- . (ack 2)
- (win 453). , . TCP
- . (length 0)
tcpdump
Debian tcpdump APT:
# apt install tcpdump -y
RPM tcpdump YUM:
# yum install tcpdump -y
RHEL 8 DNF:
# dnf install tcpdump -y
tcpdump
tcpdump root. Tcpdump . tcpdump - , .
, tcpdump :
# tcpdump -D
# tcpdump --list-interfaces
1.eth0 2.nflog (Linux netfilter log (NFLOG) interface) 3.nfqueue (Linux netfilter queue (NFQUEUE) interface) 4.eth1 5.any (Pseudo-device that captures on all interfaces) 6.lo [Loopback]
, .
, , -i . , tcpdump .
# tcpdump -i eth1
tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 01:06:09.278817 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 4761, seq 1, length 64 01:06:09.279374 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 4761, seq 1, length 64 01:06:10.281142 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 4761, seq 2, length 64
- -v
- -vv
tcpdump IP- , .
- -n DNS , tcpdump .
# tcpdump –n
listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 04:19:07.675216 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 2186733178:2186733278, ack 204106815, win 37232, length 100 04:19:07.675497 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 100, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.675747 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 100:136, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 04:19:07.675902 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 136, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.676142 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 136:236, ack 1, win 37232, length 100
- -c , , 5:
#tcpdump -c 5
04:19:07.675216 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 2186733178:2186733278, ack 204106815, win 37232, length 100 04:19:07.675497 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 100, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.675747 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 100:136, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 04:19:07.675902 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 136, win 65535, length 0 04:19:07.676142 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 136:236, ack 1, win 37232, length 100 5 packets captured
- -tttt ( Unix)
# tcpdump –tttt
2020-07-06 04:30:12.203638 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 2186734102:2186734138, ack 204107103, win 37232, length 36 2020-07-06 04:30:12.203910 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 36, win 65535, length 0 2020-07-06 04:30:12.204292 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 36:72, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 2020-07-06 04:30:12.204524 IP 10.0.2.2.50422 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 72, win 65535, length 0 2020-07-06 04:30:12.204658 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50422: Flags [P.], seq 72:108, ack 1, win 37232, length 36
tcpdump
, . , .
:
- port
- host
- src
- dst
- tcp
- udp
- icmp
, :
# tcpdump -i eth1 -c 5 port 80
23:54:24.978612 IP 10.0.0.1.53971 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [SEW], seq 53967733, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 5,nop,nop,TS val 256360128 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:54:24.978650 IP 10.0.0.50.80 > 10.0.0.1.53971: Flags [S.E], seq 996967790, ack 53967734, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 5625522 ecr 256360128,nop,wscale 6], length 0 23:54:24.978699 IP 10.0.0.1.53972 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [SEW], seq 226341105, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 5,nop,nop,TS val 256360128 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 23:54:24.978711 IP 10.0.0.50.80 > 10.0.0.1.53972: Flags [S.E], seq 1363851389, ack 226341106, win 28960, options [mss 1460,sackOK,TS val 5625522 ecr 256360128,nop,wscale 6], length 0
, . , IP- 10.0.2.15:
# tcpdump host 10.0.2.15
03:48:06.087509 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50225: Flags [P.], seq 3862934963:3862934999, ack 65355639, win 37232, length 36 03:48:06.087806 IP 10.0.2.2.50225 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 36, win 65535, length 0 03:48:06.088087 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50225: Flags [P.], seq 36:72, ack 1, win 37232, length 36 03:48:06.088274 IP 10.0.2.2.50225 > 10.0.2.15.22: Flags [.], ack 72, win 65535, length 0 03:48:06.088440 IP 10.0.2.15.22 > 10.0.2.2.50225: Flags [P.], seq 72:108, ack 1, win 37232, length 36
. , icmp, eth1:
# tcpdump -i eth1 icmp
04:03:47.408545 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 2812, seq 75, length 64 04:03:47.408999 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 2812, seq 75, length 64 04:03:48.408697 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 2812, seq 76, length 64 04:03:48.409208 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 2812, seq 76, length 64 04:03:49.411287 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 2812, seq 77, length 64
:
- AND
- OR
- NOT
, . , IP- :
# tcpdump -n -i eth1 src 10.0.0.1 and dst port 80
00:18:17.155066 IP 10.0.0.1.54222 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [F.], seq 500773341, ack 2116767648, win 4117, options [nop,nop,TS val 257786173 ecr 5979014], length 0 00:18:17.155104 IP 10.0.0.1.54225 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [S], seq 904045691, win 65535, options [mss 1460,nop,wscale 5,nop,nop,TS val 257786173 ecr 0,sackOK,eol], length 0 00:18:17.157337 IP 10.0.0.1.54221 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [P.], seq 4282813257:4282813756, ack 1348066220, win 4111, options [nop,nop,TS val 257786174 ecr 5979015], length 499: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 00:18:17.157366 IP 10.0.0.1.54225 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [.], ack 1306947508, win 4117, options [nop,nop,TS val 257786174 ecr 5983566], length 0
ICMP, NOT:
# tcpdump -i eth1 not icmp
tcpdump . -w. .pcap.
10 eth1 icmp.pcap.
# tcpdump -i eth1 -c 10 -w icmp.pcap
tcpdump: listening on eth1, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 262144 bytes 10 packets captured 10 packets received by filter 0 packets dropped by kernel
-r
# tcpdump -i eth1 -c 10 -w icmp.pcap
reading from file icmp.pcap, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet) 05:33:20.852732 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 3261, seq 33, length 64 05:33:20.853245 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 3261, seq 33, length 64 05:33:21.852586 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 3261, seq 34, length 64 05:33:21.853104 IP 10.0.0.51 > vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64: ICMP echo reply, id 3261, seq 34, length 64 05:33:22.852615 IP vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64 > 10.0.0.51: ICMP echo request, id 3261, seq 35, length 64
, -A. ASCII.
-X , , , .
# tcpdump -c10 -i eth1 -n -A port 80
23:35:53.109306 IP 10.0.0.1.53916 > 10.0.0.50.80: Flags [P.], seq 2366590408:2366590907, ack 175457677, win 4111, options [nop,nop,TS val 255253117 ecr 5344866], length 499: HTTP: GET / HTTP/1.1 E..'..@.@.%. ... ..2...P..M. uE............ .6.}.Q.bGET / HTTP/1.1 Host: 10.0.0.50 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1 User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36 Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9 If-Modified-Since: Tue, 04 Mar 2014 11:46:45 GMT
tcpdump . :
tcpdump .
