We make this translation by a community of enthusiasts for free. The author is aware of our initiative . The translation is distributed under the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA 4.0 license, just like the original book . As Albert continues to update and supplement the book, next to each part we provide a link to the original chapter, the name of the author of the translation and the date so that we know exactly whose translation and which version we are reading.
.
:
, , — , . — , , , . The World After Capital , . :
. . , .
. , , . , .
. , . - .
, , . , , , , , . , .
, ? , , ? , , ? , . , , , .
. , 1000 , , [The AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research, 2016: Views of the National Economy are Clouded by Personal Finance and Employment Concerns]. , 75% , 31% , , [GoBankingRates, 2016: 1 In 3 Americans Have $0 Saved For Retirement] [Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 2016: Report on the Economic Well-Being of U.S. Households in 2015].
, , . , , . , , , . , , , .
, COVID-19 , , , . , , .
— , , ? , , , . , , , — ( «»).
. , . , ( ). . , , ( ). , , , - . , , [Paine, Thomas, 1797: Agrarian Justice] , , . , .
, . , ( , — , , , [Rohde, Robert A. and Muller, Richard A., 2015: Air Pollution in China: Mapping of Concentrations and Sources]). , , , , , .
, , . . . , . , , — , , , .
, , , , . , . , , .
. , ; — . , «» , , . , . , .
5% , 42 [U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, 1949: Historical Statistics of the United States 1789-1945, p. 295] [U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, 1948: Forecasts of the Population of the United States 1945-1975, p. 44] [Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2012: GDP and Other Major NIPA Series, 1929–2012:II]. , , , 100% , . , ; .
, — , . , , , , .
, . , . , , 1990- . . , — . , , , . , .
. , . , , ( «3D-»), , , [Additive Manufacturing, 2017: AM Basics].
, . 2017 24 3D- [Apis Cor, 2017: The first on-site house has been printed in Russia]. , , , , Airbnb Couchsurfing. , , , - , , -; , .
[A Writer's Residency, Reimagined, 2017: Write a House], [Greybeard Rentals, 2017: Asheville Monthly Furnished Rentals]. , . , . , .
: . , , [The New York Times, 2017: Baby Boomers’ Second Act]. , , , , , .
— , . , , . , , . , , , .
. - , , Duolingo. -, edX Khan Academy, , . , , YouTube , .
, . , , . - , , , . , - , , , . COVID-19 -: , .
. , , , . , , , , [The Atlantic, 2016: How Cubans Live as Long as Americans at a Tenth of the Cost]. , , . , , , .
-, , , . -, , , , . -, . - CrowdMed , . Human Diagnosis Project (Human Dx) , .
Figure 1 — , , , Flatiron Health . , ; HealthTap, Doctor On Demand, Teladoc Health Nurx .
, , , 10% [Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2015: National Health Expenditures 2015 Highlights]. , , . , , , . , CRISPR, [Wired, 2015: Easy DNA Editing Will Remake the World. Buckle Up.], .
— ?
; , , . , , , , . , , , , , , . , , , . , . , , , « » , .
, , . — , (.: ). , , . , , ; , , , . , , . , .
— , , . , , , , . — , .
, , . — $1000 18 , $400 12 $200 (.: 20.000₽, 7.500₽ 4.000₽ , , ). , , UBI , ; . , . , - , , . , , , .
. -, : $300 , $300 , $100 , $50 $50 (.: 5.700₽ , 5.700₽ , 1.900₽ , 1.000₽ 1.000₽ , , ), - (, ).
, . -, , . -, , , , ; , «» . , , , , , .
, , 2015 , $3 . [Statista, 2017: Resident population projection for the United States for 2015 and 2060, by age (in millions)] [U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census, 2017: Projections of the Size and Composition of the U.S. Population: 2014 to 2060 p. 2-4]. , 17% , 2015 , 10%, 2015 , , [The World Bank, 2016: Data - United States] [Statista, 2016: Gross domestic product (GDP) of the United States of America from 1990 to 2015 (in billion U.S. dollars, current)] [Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2017: Gross Output of All Industries]. ? : .
2015 $6 . [Department of the Treasury, 2016: Financial Report of the United States Government - Fiscal Year 2015], . $3 . , ( $0,6 . 2015 [National Priorities Project, 2016: Military Spending in the United States]). , , , .
. . , . , $10 000 (.: 16.000₽ ), (.: , , ). 25%, $2500 . $0,3 ., 5% . , , , . 25% , , $0,4 . , , 25% , , , $2,3 .
. , , , . — , — , . , $0,3 . . , ( ) ( ), , , $2 . , Medicare / Medicaid $1 . . , , .
, , . , , « ». , 2008 , . « » ( QE, ‘quantitative easing’), .
, , , (, ), . - , . , , . . , 18 « ».
. « », . , , LendingClub Funding Circle . — , «QE » ( ).
? M0, M1, M2 M3 , . , M3, , M2, $1 . . , , , . . $8 . [Zero Hedge, 2017: US Household Debt Rose To $12.6 Trillion In 2016: Biggest Jump In A Decade], $1 . [Quartz, 2017: American car buyers are borrowing like never before—and missing plenty of payments, too], $1 . [Forbes, 2017: Student Loan Debt In 2017: A $1.3 Trillion Crisis] $1 . [MarketWatch, 2017: Americans now have the highest credit-card debt in U.S. history]. $1 . . $25 ., $15 . .
, , , , . , «» , , , . , . -, . -, , — . -, , , , . «», , ( ).
, , - ; , , , , , . .
, . , - 5 . UBI . , — , , . , .
, , . , 5 . , YouTube. , . . , , , - , , McDonalds. 5 30 .
, , . , 1970- , , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , 100 . , , , .
? , - , , , ? : . , , - , , , .
. . , . - . , , . , , ; ( , ).
, — . , , , , , . « »; , , .
, , , . , , , , , YouTube. , , , , .
, , , . , , , , , .
, , : , , . , «» ; , , . , , «» « ».
, , . — , . , . , ; — , .
, , , , , . , — , . , , , , .
, , , , , , . , , , . , , , , . , , . , — , .
, , , , . , ?
— . , — , . , , , , . , .
, , , . , , , .
, ? , - ? -, ? , , . , , , — .
, , . , , . , [CBS News, 2001: Napster Settlement Offer Rejected].
, ? , , . , , , , . . , , , . - , , , , . , , , , ( ), . .
, , . , . — . , .
, — , . , , , , , , . , , . — , .
, , , , , . , . , , . , , .
3,5 , 200 [Internet Live Stats, 2016: Internet Users]. , . C 100 . 4G 8 [Open Technology Institute, 2014: The Cost of Connectivity 2014] [Federal Communications Commission, 2010: Broadband Performance OBI Technical Paper No. 4].
, , , , . , 10 000 . , , , MIMO, [Wikipedia, 2017: MIMO].
, , . , : , .
, , . , , - (ISP). , .
, . , ( ). , . , «/» , . 44 [Bambauer, Derek E., 2009: Filtering in Oz: Australia's Foray into Internet Censorship]. , . , , (VPN), , [Wenger, Albert, 2017: VPNs and Informational Freedom]. , , . , , .
, , - , , . , , .
, . 10 , 600 , 15–25 Spotify SoundCloud ( 3–5 ). , . , — .
-. . -, , . , YouTube Netflix, , «» . , — « », . , - : 2017 , , [Wenger, Albert, 2017: Government Just Gave Your ISP Even More Power: You Can Take it Back!].
« » (.: ), . -. , , , , . - ( ), . , -, , -.
, , , , , , - . ; 2016 Facebook , .
, . - 1989 , , , , [W3C, 2017: Tim Berners-Lee]. , - , - , . , Netscape, - , .
. , -, , , HTML. , . ? -. - ? — -.
, , . , - « », . HTML-, ? « ». ? . -, , ? , .
, . Facebook , . , , ; . Facebook , . - ; , Facebook , . , Facebook , .
, , , Facebook, — «», . , Facebook . , , , . Facebook , , . , .
, . , , Uber Lyft. , . , , . , , .
, , , , , , . , . , , . , , .
, , Google Facebook, . , . , , , , -?
, , . , . , -, . , Facebook Twitter, , — .
— , . , , - , , , [Crain's New York Business, 2015: Judge rules on taxi industry lawsuit: Compete with Uber or die]. , , (, ).
, , , . , , , , , . , , , . , . -, , , . — , , .
, ? , , Uber, Google Facebook, -, « » (API). API — , , . , Facebook Twitter, , , . , , .
, Facebook ? , Facebook API . , «» Facebook, , API . , , . — DMCA . — (CFAA). — , , « » (EULA) , . , .
, , . , , . DMCA , . , , , , .
CFAA , , , . , , , ?
, ? « (DDoS-)» «-», , ? , , , , , . .
, ? , , . — . , , , , , . , .
. , , , . Uber, , 50 . «» ( , ) 20 . 5 , Uber 10 , , .
, . , , , , , , . , .
, , . , . , -, . : « , ». , , , . , API- -, , , Google.
, , « », , API . , , , API . . , , . , .
, , , , . . .
, , . ; . . 1662 [Nipps, Karen, 2014: Cum privilegio: Licensing of the Press Act of 1662]. , . .
, , . : « , , , , » ( , , ).
, . , , , , , .
. , “ 1976 .” ; , [Hornick, John F., 2003: Copyright Law for Business People: A Handy Guide]. , 1998 , “ ” 50 70 . « », ; , , , [Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress, 1998: S. 505 Title I - Copyright Term Extension].
, “ ” “ ”, , , , , . . , , . , . YouTube, «Happy Birthday to You», .
- . , , . - , .
, , . , ? , , , ; , , . , — , , , . , , . ; , .
, , . 30 000 , . , , 3400 [Kilmer, Anne Draffkorn, 1971: The Discovery of an Ancient Mesopotamian Theory of Music]. , , . , , - , , 1870- 1999 , . [The Recording Industry Association of America, 2017: U.S. Sales Database].
. , , , - , , , . , , , : « ... , » [Johnson, Steven, 2015: The Creative Apocalypse That Wasn’t]. , , Soundcloud YouTube, , Kickstarter Patreon.
, — . , , , - . , , . , , , . , . Creative Commons MIT .
, , , , , . , , . , , .
, , . , , - , , . , , . , , , Spotify Soundcloud, , , .
, . , , , , . , , .
, , , . , , . , .
, : . , [Bloomberg, 2017: Company Overview of Warner Music Group Corp.] [ZoomInfo, 2017: Universal Music Group] [LinkedIn, 2017: Sony Music Entertainment]. , . , .
, . — , , . , — , , . , .
, - . , , . : , .
, . , , . — , ( ). - , , , , , .
; [Wikipedia, 2017: History of patent law]. , , , , , . , , , . , ; , , , [infojustice, 2013: Study: Most Important Innovations Are Not Patented]. , , , , .
, , -, . . , . Science Exchange, . , , . — Illumina, 850 000 1 [Forbes, 2017: Illumina Promises To Sequence Human Genome For $100 -- But Not Quite Yet]. Science Exchange 1000 [Science Exchange, 2017: Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics - Whole Genome Sequencing]. , , — .
. , FDA , 1 . , , , , , . . . , , — , , [Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017: Lyme disease vaccine].
— ; . 1714 . , , . [Longitude Prize, 2017: Longitude Prize: The History]. , . 40 , , 1 ( , , , , , ).
, , , . , X Prizes, DARPA Grand Challenge NIST, , . , .
, , . , , , , « » (NPE, « »). . , , . NPE . , , , NPE [The New York Times, 2017: Supreme Court Ruling Could Hinder ‘Patent Trolls’].
, , . , . , , , , . , , — , .
, . , .
- , — , . ; , . , , , , . . , , , .
, , . , [Reuters, 2017: Privacy, what privacy? Many Nordic tax records are a phone call away], , [Naked Security, 2015: Why this doctor posted his medical history online for anyone to see], . , , , , .
, . . , , . , , . , . , . , . ; .
. - , Dropbox - . . , , , , . - , , , . Figure 1, .
: , , . , , — , — - . , , .
, , , . , , ; , .
. . . «», . , , . , , , , , .
, , . , , . , . , , , . , , , , , .
, , — , , ? , , . -, , , , — . , , , . , - , , . , , , , . , , , .
— « ». , , , , . , , . , , . , « »; - , , .
, . , , , . , - . Apple , , iPhone — . , , , , . , , , .
, - , , , . , , . , . , , , , - , . , , 100 . ? , ?
, . — , , - , . , , , , . , , , . - , . , , . , , . , — , COVID-19. .
, , -. , . , . [Information is Beautiful, 2017: World's Biggest Data Breaches], . , , , . , , , , , , , .
- , , — . , — . , . , - — , , [Transparent Blog, 2013: Culture Shock in China – Bathrooms]. , . , .
« ?» — . « , ?» , Apple Pay Android Pay, . , , Sift, . , , , , « », - . , — . , , , , , . , , - ; - . , , , , .
, , - 4Chan, , . , , , « ». , , , , . , . , .
, -, , . , , , . , . , , , .
, , . , ? , , ?
, ? , ? , ? ? , ?
, , . , , . .
. COVID-19. . , , . , , , .
, , , , . , , ? , , ? , . , , , , .
, . , , , , , . , , , , - [The New York Times, 2016: How Meditation Changes the Brain and Body]. , , , . , , . , .
, , . - , . , , . , , .
; , . , . , . , , , [Skidelsky, Robert and Skidelsky, Edward, 2012: How Much is Enough? Money and the Good Life]. , .
, « ». , . , — 1000 [Orlo Salon, 2017: Orlo Salon Price List] 595 , [Masa NYC, 2017: Masa NYC Reservations]. , , , , , , , . , , , , .
— , . - , , , , . , . , , , . , . , . « ». , , , , . , [The Influence, 2016: Why Disappointment Is Crushing: Dopamine, Addiction and the "Hedonic Treadmill"].
, , . , . , . , , , . . , , . , . , , , . , .
, — , — ? , , , , , . , , .
, . , , , . , . .
, , , , . , . , , , , .
[The Telegraph, 2013: Mothers asked nearly 300 questions a day, study finds]. , . , . , , , . , .
, , , . « », . , , — .
— , , « ». , ? - : « ?» — - ; , , , .
. , , , . ? , , , — , - — .
, , , . — . , , , , . -, , , - . . -, « » [Pariser, Eli, 2012: The Filter Bubble].
. , , , , , , , , . , , . , , .
« ». , , . , . . , , [Soroush Vosoughi, Deb Roy, Sinan Aral, 2018: The spread of true and false news online].
, , , . , Facebook Twitter, , , , « 1» — , . , . « » , .
. , , -, . «», «» . , , , [Wenger, Albert, 2011: Needed: The Opposing View Reader].
, , , « 2» — , , . — .
— . — : « — . , , ». , , . , , . , — , .
; . , , , «». , , , , , , .
— YouTube, , , . , . , — , — , .
, . , , , , , .
, - , , , , — - , . - «», , . — , , .
, . , , , . , , , , . , -, , , .
, , , , , . , , , . , , , .
, — , . , , « », , .
, — : , , , . , , , . , .
. , , , . - . .
, , , . , - . . , — , , .
. , , , «», . . , .
. , . , , , . , .
, , , , , , . — ; , . , «-» — , .
, ; , — . , , , , . , .
, , . .
: 5: →
To improve the quality of this translation, or to participate in the translation of the following parts, join us .