FastCGI Cache is a data caching system implemented at the Nginx HTTP server level .
The advantage of FastCGI Cache is that Nginx will return the cached response to the user as soon as it receives a request, while the application layer will not process the incoming HTTP request at all if it is in the Nginx cache.
Using FastCGI Cache is a great way to reduce the load on your system.
If your site has pages that rarely change or the delay in updating information for a while is not critical, then FastCGI Cache is exactly what you need.
How Nginx FastCGI Cache works
If an HTTP request came to the Nginx server and some time ago the response to the same request was placed in the cache, then Nginx will not send this request to execute PHP-FPM, instead of this Nginx will return the result from the cache.
Task
Suppose we have a web-based control system for a flight to the moon, which is written in PHP. Each user must enter their username and password to enter the system and be on the main page of the space application.
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:
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
server {
listen 80;
index index.php index.html;
server_name moon-flight.aero;
error_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.error.log;
access_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.access.log
root /var/www/moon-flight.aero/public;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}, fastcgi_cache_path http.
fastcgi_cache_path /tmp/nginx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=fastcgicache:10m inactive=70m max_size=512m;/tmp/nginx_cache , . /tmp , . , , /tmp/nginx_cache .
— . levels=1:2. , 2. , , .
— . keys_zone=fastcgicache:10m , fastcgicache, 10m — . 10 80 000 . , .
— inactive=70m, , , , . , , inactive, , . inactive 10 .
max_size=512m — . . , Nginx .
. fastcgi_cache_key. http, server location.
server fastcgi_cache_key:
fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$cookie_codeAuth";:
— $scheme
— $request_method
— $host
— $request_uri
— $cookie_codeAuth
. , .
, :
http://moon-flight.aero/search/?query=10
Nginx :
$scheme |
|
$request_method |
|
$host |
|
$request_uri |
|
$cookie_codeAuth | Cookie codeAuth, . Cookie -. |
, Cookie codeAuth. .
Nginx Cookie, $cookie_.
, HTTP- :
Cookie: codeAuth=a7e30fbb7f4513redfd22049c6b5dzme306f4e
"$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$cookie_codeAuth" , , . $cookie_codeAuth .
.
server fastcgi_cache, fastcgi_cache_valid, fastcgi_cache_bypass fastcgi_no_cache location.
server.
:
, $request_uri
"/".GET . $request_method
GET., GET . $query_string
"".
3 ( server):
set $no_cache 0;
if ($request_method != GET) {
set $no_cache 1;
}
if ($query_string != "") {
set $no_cache 1;
}
if ($request_uri != "/") {
set $no_cache 1;
}fastcgi_cache, fastcgi_cache_valid, fastcgi_cache_bypass fastcgi_no_cache location.
fastcgi_cache fastcgicache;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m;
fastcgi_cache_bypass $no_cache;
fastcgi_no_cache $no_cache;?
fastcgi_cache — , . fastcgi_cache_path.
fastcgi_cache_valid — HTTP- . 60 200.
fastcgi_cache_bypass — , . 0, .
fastcgi_no_cache — , . 0, .
:
sudo service nginx reload
.
, ?
. , $upstream_cache_status.
server add_header :
add_header x-fastcgi-cache $upstream_cache_status;x-fastcgi-cache — .
$upstream_cache_status :
MISS
BYPASS
EXPIRED
STALE
UPDATING
REVALIDATED
HIT
, HIT.
:
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
fastcgi_cache_path /tmp/nginx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=fastcgicache:10m inactive=70m max_size=512m;
server {
listen 80;
index index.php index.html;
server_name moon-flight.aero;
error_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.error.log;
access_log /var/log/nginx/moon-flight.aero.access.log
root /var/www/moon-flight.aero/public;
fastcgi_cache_key "$scheme$request_method$host$request_uri$cookie_codeAuth";
set $no_cache 0;
if ($request_method != GET) {
set $no_cache 1;
}
if ($query_string != "") {
set $no_cache 1;
}
if ($request_uri != "/") {
set $no_cache 1;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
add_header x-fastcgi-cache $upstream_cache_status;
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_cache fastcgicache;
fastcgi_cache_valid 200 60m;
fastcgi_cache_bypass $no_cache;
fastcgi_no_cache $no_cache;
try_files $uri =404;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name;
}
}
}Nginx :
sudo nginx -t
, , :
sudo service nginx reload
Apache Bench
Apache Bench -. C Apache Bench , . cookies.
Apache Bench Ununtu.
:
sudo apt-get update
:
sudo apt-get install apache2-utils
.
Apache Bench
FastCGI Cache $no_cache 1.
sudo service nginx reload
. , Apache Bench :
ab -c 5 -n 100 -C "codeAuth=a7e30fbb7f4513redfd22049c6b5dzme306f4e" http://moon-flight.aero http://moon-flight.aero 100 , 5 . -C , cookie codeAuth.
:
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking moon-flight.aero (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname: moon-flight.aero
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 31134 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 2.978 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 3150400 bytes
HTML transferred: 3113400 bytes
Requests per second: 33.58 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 148.878 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 29.776 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 1033.25 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 23 29 5.0 27 50
Processing: 58 112 17.1 113 142
Waiting: 58 112 17.0 113 142
Total: 85 141 16.7 142 176
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 142
66% 149
75% 154
80% 159
90% 163
95% 166
98% 170
99% 176
100% 176 (longest request)3 , 100 . — 33.58 .
Apache Bench
$no_cache 0.
sudo service nginx reload
:
ab -c 5 -n 100 -C "codeAuth=a7e30fbb7f4513redfd22049c6b5dzme306f4e" http://moon-flight.aero:
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1843412 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking moon-flight.aero (be patient).....done
Server Software: nginx/1.14.0
Server Hostname: moon-flight.aero
Server Port: 80
Document Path: /
Document Length: 31134 bytes
Concurrency Level: 5
Time taken for tests: 1.068 seconds
Complete requests: 100
Failed requests: 0
Total transferred: 3150104 bytes
HTML transferred: 3113400 bytes
Requests per second: 93.64 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request: 53.398 [ms] (mean)
Time per request: 10.680 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate: 2880.52 [Kbytes/sec] received
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 23 31 6.5 27 47
Processing: 14 17 7.8 16 93
Waiting: 14 17 7.8 16 93
Total: 37 47 10.1 44 122
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 44
66% 49
75% 52
80% 54
90% 56
95% 61
98% 63
99% 122
100% 122 (longest request)1 , 100 . — 93.64 .
:
Description of the ngx_http_fastcgi_module module is available at the link: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/http/ngx http fastcgi_module.html
Video on how to set up FastCGI Cache Nginx: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nri2KOI3HJo&t=66s
Apache Bench Documentation: https://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/programs/ab.html