Artificial intelligence in the field of jurisprudence. Article 3

Introduction

We continue a series of articles on the topic of legal artificial intelligence, aspects of its development and prospects for practical application in the domestic market. In previous publications, we have repeatedly said that, in our opinion, the development of Legal AI can be ensured by creating and applying a new semantic block, which includes:

• tools for linguistic analysis of natural language texts;
• a structured model of legal knowledge (knowledge graphs and ontologies);
• pretrained neural networks.

In the first article, we examined in detail the existing tools for processing Russian-language text. In the second article, we examined approaches to creating products based on artificial intelligence, as well as issues of interaction between specialists in the field of IT and law. In this article, we propose to dive into the topic of ontologies and answer the following questions:

1. What is the role of ontologies in the process of creating artificial intelligence?
2. Why are the existing ontologies in the field of law inapplicable for Legal AI, despite the many years of attempts by foreign experts to structure legal knowledge?
3. What properties should legal AI ontologies have in order to solve practical problems?

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• M. Ceci, A. Gangemi («An OWL ontology library representing judicial interpretations», Semantic Web, 2016);
• Cevenini C., Contissa, G., Laukyte, M., Riveret, R., Rubino, R. («Development of the ALIS IP ontology: Merging legal and technical perspectives», Computeraided innovation (CAI), Boston, 2008);
• Distinto, I., d’Aquin, M., & Motta, E. («LOTED2: An ontology of European public procurement notices», Semantic Web, 2016);
• Ghosh, M. E., Naja, H., Abdulrab, H., & Khalil, M. («Towards a legal rule-based system grounded on the integration of criminal domain ontology and rules», In Procedia Computer Science: 112, 2017);
• Rodrigues, C. M. O., Azevedo, R. R., Freitas, F. L. G., da Silva, E. P., & da Silva Barros, P. V. (An ontological approach for simulating legal action in the brazilian penal code. In Proceedings of the 30th annual ACM symposium on applied computing», New York, 2015) .

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• Griffo, C., Almeida, J. P. A., & Guizzardi, G. A systematic mapping of the literature on legal core ontologies. Ontobras. In CEUR Workshop Proceedings: 1442. CEUR-WS.org, 2015;
• Rodrigues, C. M. O., Freitas, F. L. G., & Azevedo, R. R. An ontology for property crime based on events from ufo-b foundational ontology. 5th Brazilian conference on intelligent systems (bracis), 2016 .

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