🏂🏿 👩‍⚕️ ☕️ Azure RTOS. Part 1: overview and launch (STM32 + CubeIDE + HAL) 🛀🏽 🕰️ 👨🏾‍🤝‍👨🏻

At the recent Microsoft Build 2020 , Azure RTOS was repeatedly mentioned as a dedicated hard real-time OS for microcontrollers.

In this material, we will consistently figure out what kind of operating system it is, what place it occupies in Microsoft products for embedded systems, and also install the OS scheduler on one of the STM32 microcontrollers.

For those who are not interested in the review, but need the practical part, go straight to it.

What is this anyway?

A microcontroller is a specialized microcircuit that combines a microprocessor, memory and peripherals in one package. Unlike a "big" computer, it has limited amounts of this very memory: typical values for both RAM and ROM are tens to hundreds of kilobytes.

As a rule, the microcontroller does not have an MMU (although there are exceptions, but these are exactly the exceptions that would be more correctly attributed to a completely different category of systems-on-a-chip), that is, there is no hardware support for the virtual memory mechanism, which does not allow the use of "full-fledged" OS even when expanding the built-in memory with external microcircuits.

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git checkout f8e91d4

threadx threadx-master.

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Clock Configuration , :

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Pinout & Configuration, Connectivity, USB_OTG_FS (1) (2), (3) Reset_State (4).

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threadx_test Properties. C/C++ General — Paths and Symbols. Add

Middlewares/threadx-master/ports/cortex_m4/gnu/inc

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Middlewares/threadx-master/common/inc

! Source Location , Source folders on build path :

/threadx_test/Core
/threadx_test/Drivers
/threadx_test/Middlewares

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Middlewares/threadx-master/ports Project Explorer :

cortex_m0
cortex_m3
cortex_m7
cortex_m4/gnu/src/tx_vector_table_sample.S ( )

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( ):

Middlewares/threadx-master/cmake
Middlewares/threadx-master/docs
Middlewares/threadx-master/samples

, :

Middlewares/threadx-master/common
Middlewares/threadx-master/ports/cortex_m4

STM32F407VGTX_FLASH.ld

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Project Explorer Middlewares/threadx-master/ports/cortex_m4/gnu/src tx_initialize_low_level_sample.S.

SYSTEM_CLOCK      =   6000000

6000000 168000000 SYSCLK.

SYSTICK_CYCLES    =   ((SYSTEM_CLOCK / 100) -1)

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Core/Src/main.c

/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "tx_api.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */

  tx_kernel_enter();

Core/Startup/startup_stm32f407vgtx.s

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Core/Src/ demo_threadx.c .

#include "tx_api.h"
#include "main.h"

/*    -   */
#define DEMO_STACK_SIZE         1024

/*   ,       -,   */
#define DEMO_BYTE_POOL_SIZE     10240

/*  - */
#define THREAD_COUNT 4

/*  ,        (thread control block) */
TX_THREAD               thread_x[THREAD_COUNT];

/* ,      */
TX_BYTE_POOL            byte_pool_0;

/*    */
TX_EVENT_FLAGS_GROUP    evt_group;

/*     TX_BYTE_POOL */
UCHAR                   memory_area[DEMO_BYTE_POOL_SIZE];

/*   ()   N */
#define EVT_KEYPRESS_THREAD(n) (1 << n)

/*       */
#define LED_PAUSE_AND_DEBOUNCE_TIME_MS 100

/*      */
static struct
{
    GPIO_TypeDef* GPIOx;
    uint16_t GPIO_Pin;
    uint32_t blink_delay_ms;
    char thread_name[10];
} BoardLedsSettings[THREAD_COUNT] =
{
    { LD3_GPIO_Port, LD3_Pin, 250,  "orange" },
    { LD4_GPIO_Port, LD4_Pin, 500,  "green" },
    { LD5_GPIO_Port, LD5_Pin, 750,  "red" },
    { LD6_GPIO_Port, LD6_Pin, 1000, "blue" }
};

/* Callback   () */
void HAL_GPIO_EXTI_Callback(uint16_t GPIO_Pin)
{
    if(GPIO_Pin == GPIO_PIN_0)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++) tx_event_flags_set(&evt_group, EVT_KEYPRESS_THREAD(i), TX_OR);
    }
}

/* -worker   4  */
void thread_entry(ULONG thread_input)
{
    /*       */
    uint8_t led_state = GPIO_PIN_RESET;
    uint32_t cur_delay_ms = BoardLedsSettings[thread_input].blink_delay_ms;
    ULONG actual_flags_ptr;
    while(1)
    {
        HAL_GPIO_WritePin(BoardLedsSettings[thread_input].GPIOx, BoardLedsSettings[thread_input].GPIO_Pin, led_state);
        led_state = !led_state;
        if (TX_SUCCESS == tx_event_flags_get(&evt_group, EVT_KEYPRESS_THREAD(thread_input),
            TX_AND_CLEAR, &actual_flags_ptr, cur_delay_ms))
        {
            /*    " ".   */
            HAL_GPIO_WritePin(BoardLedsSettings[thread_input].GPIOx, BoardLedsSettings[thread_input].GPIO_Pin, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
            /* ,   ,    */
            tx_thread_sleep(LED_PAUSE_AND_DEBOUNCE_TIME_MS);
            /*    ,  ,         () */
            tx_event_flags_get(&evt_group, EVT_KEYPRESS_THREAD(thread_input), TX_AND_CLEAR, &actual_flags_ptr, TX_NO_WAIT);
            /*        */
            led_state = GPIO_PIN_SET;
            /*   */
            cur_delay_ms = (cur_delay_ms == BoardLedsSettings[thread_input].blink_delay_ms) ?
                cur_delay_ms * 2 : BoardLedsSettings[thread_input].blink_delay_ms;
        }
    }
}

/*   */
void tx_application_define(void *first_unused_memory)
{
    CHAR    *pointer = TX_NULL;

    /*  byte memory pool,          */
    tx_byte_pool_create(&byte_pool_0, "byte pool", memory_area, DEMO_BYTE_POOL_SIZE);

    /*    */
    tx_event_flags_create(&evt_group, "event group");

    /*    4 ,            BoardLedsSettings */
    for (int i = 0; i < THREAD_COUNT; i++)
    {
        /*     i */
        tx_byte_allocate(&byte_pool_0, (void **) &pointer, DEMO_STACK_SIZE, TX_NO_WAIT);
        /*   i */
        tx_thread_create(&thread_x[i], BoardLedsSettings[i].thread_name, thread_entry, i, pointer, DEMO_STACK_SIZE,
            1, 1, TX_NO_TIME_SLICE, TX_AUTO_START);
    }
}

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tx_byte_pool_create(&byte_pool_0, "byte pool", memory_area, DEMO_BYTE_POOL_SIZE);

tx_byte_allocate(&byte_pool_0, (void **) &pointer, DEMO_STACK_SIZE, TX_NO_WAIT);

(pointer) :

tx_thread_create(&thread_x[i], BoardLedsSettings[i].thread_name, thread_entry, i, pointer, DEMO_STACK_SIZE,
    1, 1, TX_NO_TIME_SLICE, TX_AUTO_START);

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, ThreadX , . Microsoft , Azure RTOS Microsoft — .

— , . sergant (at) quarta.ru.

Azure RTOS. Part 1: overview and launch (STM32 + CubeIDE + HAL)

What is this anyway?

Microsoft?

Azure RTOS

ThreadX STM32

,

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