Lojban is an artificial human language created on the basis of Loglang in 1987 by The Logical Language Group. Licensed open and free. Based on predicate logic. Description in YACC and EBNF format.
Alphabet
a, b, d, f, g, i, k, l, m, n, o, p, r, s, t, v, z - read as in English
h, w, q - not in the alphabet
e - read like Russian
u - reads like Russian
c - reads like Russian . But ci - pronounced like "shchi".
- reads like Russian (!)
j - reads like Russian
tc - reads like Russian
y is a seam and pronounced like unstressed Y. For example, cy is pronounced as "shy".
'- just a separator like our b, b characters (in transcription it is replaced by h).
... - a pause in pronunciation.
Numerals
0 - no, 1 - pa, 2 - re, 3 - ci, 4 - vo, 5 - mu, 6 - ha, 7 - ze, 8 - bi, 9 - so
pi - decimal point
For example:
pa re ci pi vo mu - 123.45
pa no no - 100
:
panonopimunono β 100,500
( )
mi β , , β¦
do β , β¦
ti β
, ( /)
, . , . ( ).
:
ku β la,lo,le
vau β
kei β (nu, bu'uβ¦)
Gizmu β , ( /). 1- 5-. gizmu, ( ).
. 1- . (4- 5-) . (2- 3-) β . . .. gizmu : (: klama, sutraβ¦).
Se, te, ve, xe β gizmu ( ). T.e. se β 2-, te β 3-, ve β 4- β 5-, 2-, 3-, 4- 5- .
β zo'e
gizmu:
1 klama x2 x3 x4 5 β x1 /// 2 3 4 5.
x1 kumfa x2 x3 β x1 /// 2 3.
Sumti β (, /) gizmu . le/lo .
-. sumti. ku.
la β .
le β .
lo β .
li β .
li lio, la, le, lo , .
: la β¦ ku, le β¦ ku, lo β¦ ku, li β¦ ku. : la .moskov. ku, le klama kuβ¦
, , sumti. , . gizmu .
sumti ( ):
le kumfa ku β .
le se kumfa ku β (?)
le te kumfa ku β (?)
le klama ku β //.
le se klama ku β //.
le te klama ku β /.
le ve klama ku β .
le xe klama ku β .
()
gizmu 3- . , .
gizmu β lujvo.
:
balvi β , Β«bavΒ».
lamji β , Β«lamΒ».
djedi β , Β«deiΒ».
bav + lam + dei = bavlamdei β .
Selbri β . gizmu tanru ( gizmu ). selbri Β«cuΒ» β selbri.
Bridi β . : sumti + selbri + sumti + sumtiβ¦
Β«.i Β».
bridi:
mi klama le kumfa β .
:
mi klama le kumfa le kumfa le kumfa β .
:
x1 sutra x2 β x1 // / x2.
:
mi sutra klama le kumfa β .
: mi kukra kamla le spasi
sutra klama β tanru. klama . . . .
:
x1 barda 2 x3 β x1 / / 2 / 3
barda sutra klama . .. tanru / gizmu. Β«keΒ» :
mi barda ke sutra klama le barda kumfa β .
gizmu tanru be β¦ bei β¦ be'o. gizmu.
sumti .
sumti.
:
fa β x1
fe β x2
fi β x3
fo β x4
fu β x5
Fi'o β¦ fe'o, .
/ sumti .
.
:
zu'a β 1
ca'u β x1
ri'u β x1
bu'u β , 1
sumti.
pu β
ca β
ba β
zi β .
za β .
zu β .
:
pu za β
vi β , va β , vu β .
( )
sumti:
. β
.a β
tanru:
.je β
.ja β
.
bridi:
.ije β
.ija β
nai β ( Β« Β»: .enai, jenai, .ijenaiβ¦)
bridi
bridi .i gi'e/gi'a (bridi), (sumti). (bridi).
.giβe β
.giβa β
poi β¦ kuβo β
noi β¦ kuβo β
sumti ( selbri?) .
( !)
bridi.
nu β¦ kei β , .
buβu β¦ kei β .
duβu β¦ kei β ,
ka β¦ kei β ,
ni β¦ kei β
β¦ .
ma β sumti.
mo β selbri.
:
ma klama la .moskov. β ?
mi mo la .moskov. β (?) .
ko β .
:
ko klama la .moskov. β !
( «»).
.ui β
.uinai β
.iu β
.iunai β ()
.ei β
.einai β ( )
β¦
The Lojban Reference Grammar ( )
EBNF-
YACC- ,
http://mw.lojban.org/papri/__
-
Β« Β» , , ( ).
join-
https://mw.lojban.org/papri/lo_selfri_be_la_.alis._bei_bu'u_la_selmacygu'e - Alice's Adventures in Wonderland
https://mw.lojban.org/papri/lo_se_manci_te_makfa_pe_la_.oz . - The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
https://mw.lojban.org/papri/le_cmalu_noltru - The Little Prince
https://mw.lojban.org/papri/lo_nu_binxo - The Metamorphosis
https://mw.lojban.org/papri / lo_nenri_be_lo_spati_denmi - In a Grove
https://mw.lojban.org/papri/Esther - The Book of Esther